OPERATING SYSTEMS AND UTILITY PROGRAMS

1. Some of the functions that a(n) ____ performs are displaying a list of files on a storage medium; organizing files in

folders; copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders; and creating shortcuts.

a. uninstaller

b. disk defragmenter

c. file manager

d. search utility

2. ____, developed by Apple, is an operating system for the iPhone and iPod touch.

a. iPhone OS

b. Graffiti

c. IrDA

d. Palm.Talk

3. The ____ executes a series of tests to make sure the computer hardware is connected properly and operating correctly.

a. BIOS

b. POST

c. kernel

d. CMOS

The series of tests performed by BIOS is called _____

a. cold boot

b. POST

c. kernel

d. CMOS

5. ____, version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems, is a server operating system designed specifically for ecommerce

applications.

a. Linux

b. NetWare

c. Solaris

d. Windows .NET Server

6. When you install new software or update existing software, often an on-screen prompt instructs you to restart the

computer. In this case, a ____ is appropriate.

a. warm boot

b. new boot

c. cold boot

d. POST

7. When you purchase a personal computer, it usually has ____ installed on its hard disk.

a. case software

b. system software

c. financial software

d. development software

PKZIP and winzip are examples of stand-alone ____.

a. antivirus utilities

b. personal firewall

c. file compression utilities

d. spam utilities

9. ____ is a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Labs.

a. Mac OS

b. OS/2

c. UNIX

d. NetWare

10. With a(n) ____, users can see images without having to open them in a paint or image editing program.

a. file manager

b. search utility

c. screen saver

d. image viewer

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROM AND RAM

Random Access Memory is a form of memory that can be read without having to begin at the first address, then the second address, then the third, and so on. This is a carryover from when most memory was Serial Access, such as magnetic tape, paper tape, or punched cards. The on-board memory computers use for temporary storage is Random Access Memory, but on chips, instead of a hard disc drive.

Read Only Memory is exactly what the name implies; it can only be read, not written to. A CD-ROM is a form of memory, as is a chip on the motherboard which is used to store instructions for the Central Processor Unit. RAM is your computer's temporary storage space. RAM is really the computer's short-term memory. As such, it remembers everything that the computer needs to process the data into information, such as data that has been entered and software instructions, but only when the computer is on. This means that RAM is an example of volatile storage. When the power is off, the data stored in RAM is cleared out. This is why, in addition to RAM, systems always include nonvolatile storage devices for permanent storage of instructions and data when the computer is powered off. Hard disks provide the greatest nonvolatile storage capacity in the computer system.

ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent pre-recorded programs. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile. Even after you turn off your computer, the contents of the ROM remains available.

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is the place where your computer temporarily stores its operating system, application programs, and current data, so that the computer's processor can reach them quickly and easily. When people refer to your computer's memory, they mostly mean its RAM, and it is volatile. Not volatile in the   common term, as it won't catch file or explode. Volatile in this instance means that when you turn off your computer, anything in RAM disappears or is erased.

Keyboard does not work Problems and Solutions

What an unexpected problem worse and absurd. Happily sit at the computer and suddenly find that we can not write or play because the keyboard incomprehensible decided to take a break.

The problems with the keyboard are two types of solution: either very simple or none. In the first case, we let some aid.

When there appears to be a simple solution, the best advice you can give is: buy another! Perhaps the cable has broken and not worth wasting time on it. They do not usually break followed, but the keyboards are easily replaceable, accessible, and affordable prices and reliable.

1) Check cable

Let us start from the base. A normal keyboard with cable, connecting either USB or PS / 2 . The first and obvious, connect and disconnect the cable, check that has not been moved or folded.The cables are a pain to have to live yet (how long?), Tend to break easily, as well as gather dust and become entangled in surprising ways art.Yes, the cables are our nearest main technological enemy. But remember the old adage: "Keep your friends close, but even closer to your enemies."

Take good care of those devilish cables, which do not bend, do not repeatedly connect and disconnect the keyboard or mouse. Not show it to your pet , usually nibble those delicious jelly beans that cover it. If cables have to live with, treat them with respect they do not deserve.

2) Check the batteries (wireless)

Someone may think for a moment that earned the system by becoming a wireless keyboard. Poor deluded. Just change the name of our enemy, and now is a more expensive and polluting: the batteries. The wireless keyboard batteries often run faster than what the sellers told us to go. The worst of the story is that a wireless keyboard is running out of battery takes to stop working altogether.

It is a slow and painful death in which at times we have the illusion that all goes well, then find that we can not turn right while playing, or you have written anything to our friend's chat. Then, change or recharge batteries.

3) Check the connection port

All right. The cables and batteries are to blame for everything. Sometimes the walk is not the port that are connected. There are basically two ways to connect a keyboard: the classic PS / 2 (circular connector with 6 pins, usually purple), and the popular USB. Both can be damaged more easily than we expected.

Test switch connector to see if that's what is going wrong, computers usually have at least two ports of each type.

MAC BOOK VS. PC LAPTOPS

Apple took a big leap ahead of competing PC makers Monday introducing a new 15-inch MacBook Pro with Retina display that borrows from the design concepts of the MacBook Air. The new laptop isn't cheap, but for its class it is very thin (0.71 inches) and light (4.46 pounds) thanks to losing the optical drive, FireWire port, Ethernet jack, and offering nothing but flash storage. Putting this device over the top, however, is its impressive new LED-backlit display with 2880-by-1800 resolution at 220 pixels per inch.

Critics have long expected Apple to merge the Air with its MacBook lineup and that process begins now. Apple called the new MacBook Pro with Retina display its next-generation MacBook Pro.

That said, can Apple's new Retina MacBook Pro rain on the PC laptop or Intel's Ultrabook parade? Or will Apple, once again, inspire another flood of PC clones as it did with the MacBook Air and the ensuing Ultrabook onslaught.

For the moment, this next-generation laptop is not going to appeal to the current generation of laptop buyers - be it PC or Apple. The base model alone for the new MBP is priced at $2200 for just 256GB of hard drive space and a quad-core 2.3 GHz Core i7 processor. Compare that to the $1500 Asus G75VW gaming laptop featuring the same processor, six times the storage space (hard drive, not flash), and a 17-inch screen with 1920-by-1080 resolution.

Sure, Apple will sell a bunch of Retina MBPs, but for the most part this laptop is meant for people to salivate over in the Apple Store, not to buy en masse. In that respect, the new MacBook Pro is like the original MacBookAir from early 2008. The Air was priced too high for most people at $1700 and the laptop's poor specs didn't help matters either. But people were intrigued with the idea of traveling with a laptop that was so thin it could hide inside a manila envelope. Over time Apple bumped up the specs, improved the device, and then watched the Air’s popularity explode in 2011 after introducing more moderately priced 11- and 13-inchmodels.You can bet Apple wants to relive the Air’s trajectory with the new MacBook Pro, except this time better priced Apple laptops could appear in less than the three years it took for the Air. That’s because the specs on the new MacBook Pro are already good, so it’s mostly a matter of reducing production and supply costs.

MacBook Pro with Retina Display: Drool-worthy Specs

Beyond the quad-core i7 processor and the killer display, the base model of Apple’s new laptop features 8GB RAM (up to 16GB maximum), NVIDIA GeForce GT 650M with 1GB of GDDR5 memory, 720p Webcam, 2 x USB 3.0, Thunderbolt, SDXC card slot, 802.11n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.0, and up to 7 hours battery life. I’d like to see better battery life and more storage, and the device’s 4.46-pound weight is still too close to 5 pounds for my liking, but that’s about it.

The company will probably let the new laptop live outside the regular MacBook Pro line for a few iterations as the laptop improves in price and specs. But sooner or later more MacBook models will adopt these specs and at lower prices.

The Ultra Challenge

Now that Apple has taken the wraps off its next-generation device,  where does that leave the rest of the PC industry? Ultra books and other Windows-based laptops headed your way in the coming months are bound to be interesting once Microsoft releases the touch-friendly Windows 8, expected in October. We should see more touch screens on laptops, more convertible laptops, and touch pads enhanced with more gestures for the Windows 8 Metro UI. But adapting for touch won't be enough.

Hopefully, computer manufacturers will look at Apple’s new MacBook Pro and realize that Ultra books alone just won’t cut it. Intel’s Ultra book class of laptops are supposed to merge the benefits of tablet computing (fast start-up times, thin and light) with Windows-based laptops (powerful processors, full-sized keyboards).

Those same design concepts being applied to Ultra books should be applied across the entire range of Windows laptops. Apple appears to be headed towards an entire line of MacBook Air-like laptops that offer crisp Retina displays, are thin and light, and come loaded with flash storage. To keep pace, Windows laptop makers should start thinking along similar lines.

MAG SAFE 2 FEATURED IN APPLE'S LATEST LAPTOPS

it’s been more than six years since Apple first introduced Mag Safe, the magnetically-attaching power connectors used by all of the company’s laptops. Well, almost all.

If you pick up a new next-generation Mac Book Pro with Retina display or a new MacBook Air, you’ll note that those laptops now sport a slimmer version of the Mag Safe adapter—a technology Apple has dubbed Mag Safe 2. (I guess “The New Mag Safe” wasn’t available.)

The advantage of Mag Safe 2 over the original Mag Safe is simply its slimness: It’s easier to fit the new, slimmer port into very thin Mac laptops.

The Mac Book Air uses a 45W Mag Safe 2 adapter; the Mac Book Pro with Retina display uses an 85W Mag Safe 2 adapter. If history is a guide, you can mix and match those Mag Safe 2 adapters, but the lower-powered one will take longer to charge the Mac Book Pro. The 85W one can’t charge a Mac Book Air any faster, either.

And you don’t need to throw away your old Mag Safe adapters yet. The tiny, $10 Mag Safe to Mag Safe 2 Converter lets you use your old power brick with your new laptop.